Table 1 Effects of endogenous protein C, experimental models, and possible clinical relevance in patients with infection
From: Protein C in adult patients with sepsis: from pathophysiology to monitoring and supplementation
Tissue | Effects | Experimental models | Clinical relevance |
|---|---|---|---|
Cellular | a) Cytoprotective activity through PAR- 1 b) Anti-apoptotic activity downregulating p53 and Bax | In vitro | ** |
Vascular | a) Endothelial barrier stabilization through up-regulation of sphingosine kinase- 1 | In vitro | ** |
Coagulation | a) Anticoagulant activity through inactivation of FVa and FVIIIa on negatively charged phospholipid membranes | Animal Human | **** |
Immune | a) Reduced production of inflammatory cytokines through NF-kB inhibition b) Reduced expression of cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM- 1 and VCAM- 1 → Inhibition of leukocyte recruitment | Animal | *** |